Analysing Critiques of globalisation

Analysing Critiques of globalisation Critiques of globalisation argue that as a result of failures to deal with risks to international stability, the basis of global order has been at risk and political and economic disorder like that that followed the collapse of 19th century globalisation may not look impossible. Do you agree? Globalization is the background of the present world. Our economic, political and the social status in the second decade of the twenty first century would not have been possible without considering the global context of free markets and the information technology. Many scholars have defined globalization viewed through lens of different perspectives towards the world. Blackmore (2000) defines globalization as, increased economic, cultural, environmental, and social interdependencies and new transnational financial and political formations arising out of the mobility of capital, labour, and information, with both homogenizing and differentiating tendencies, (Blackmore, 2000, p.133); while Hill (2009), puts more emphasis on the economic, asserts, globalization refers to the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy, (Hill, 2009, p.6). This paper will briefly describe the history of glabalization followed with a review of the two phases of globalization in the nineteenth and the twentieth century where in one phase was seen prosperous while the other was the end of globalization. Subsequently, laying out the current situation whether or not it is parallel to the failures of globalization. Drawing upon an opinion thereby, on the same, alongwith rational elucidations. Critiques have argued that globalization is not something that happened 200 years ago, it can be traced back to the 16th century during the emergence of the pinnacle of capitalism (Robertson, 1997). According to Friedman (2005), globalization can be viewed in three phases: globalization phase one (1492- 1800) was the globalization of countries, globalization 2 (1800-2000) was the globalization of companies and globalization 3 (2000 till now) is the globalization of people. However, Broadberry and ORourke (2010) state that the period between 1870 to 1914 reflected as the high water mark of the nineteenth century globalization. Globalization in the nineteenth century encompasses interregional transfers of goods, people and capital. The preeminent way to measure the levels of integration is the rising amounts of international flows of economic activity for e.g. the ratio of comodity trade to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), number of people migrated to total population and the cost of movi ng goods across continents. European international trade was growing at a 4.1% a year between this period (Bordo et al., 1999) while the global output rising from 10% in 1870 to about 20% in 1914. This was the first phase of globalization which was accompanied with extraordinary prosperity. Countries who were involved in the global markets during this phase had narrowed the gap between wealthy and poor nations. Japan, for e.g., in the seventeenth century had completely cut off itself from the world permitting only one Dutch ship a year to land and involved in small amount of trade. In 1870, Japan was a a backward country where the average income of a person was less than a quarter of that in the United Kingdom (U.K.). However, as a result of fully involving in the global market in 1868, Japans income was able to increase at 1.5% compared to 1% of growth rate for U.K. (Mishkin, 2006). Countries like China and India were deprived of the industrial capability as they were not able to enter the global economic system. Desolately, between 1914 and 1918, a atrocious war stopped all this and globalization descended and international trade, investment and migration all collapsed. Furthermore, all the attempts to resuscitate the worlds economy was unsuccessful due to series of collapses. Global markets were disturbed and disengaged. The technological developments of the 1900s and innovations were at a standstill while the declining consumption dejected the developments of even the existing technologies such as the automobiles (Ferguson, 2005). The great depression in 1929 in the United States (US) had rapidly spread throughout the world. This was the worst recession that the nation suffered after the world war one causing immense economic devastation and with unemployment at a peat of 25% in the US. The economic collapse in Germany and Italy introduced the fascists and Nazis into power (Mishkin, 2006). China capitulated to civil war and foreign invasion and similarly Russia also underwent dictatorship as well as foreign invasion. The scenario even deteriorated further with the world entering the worst nightmare imaginable, a second world war. From 1939 to 1945 more than fifty million people died of which half of them were innocent civillians (Mishkin, 2006). Towards the 1940s most of the states in the world including the ones who retained political freedoms, had forced borders on trade, migration and investment. Some states assumed autocracy, a perfect scenario of a deglobalized world. Schloars till date argue about the causes of world war one and have explored various factors for the outbreak yet there seems to be no uniformity between these suppositions. International instability was one of the prime reasons for the occurrence and as Ferguson (2005) states that there are five factors which triggered the global explosion between 1914 and 1918. The first cause was the imperial outstretch. The british empire lacked the will of building an army which would be capable of discouraging Germany from posing as a threat to the European hegemony. Great-power rivalry was the second cause of the disaster. The distress of the Russion army buildup influenced Germany to fight in 1914 rather than risk waiting any longer. Unstable alliance system was the third dreadful factor. Although there were alliances in profusion however, these were precarious. The Germans did not trust the Austrains to help them in a crisis situation and the Russians were apprehensive about getting agitated by French. The U.K. was unpredictable as there were no provisions for the possibility of war in Europe. Such insecurities fortified the risk taking diplomacy. The fouth factor was the presence of the rogue reigm sponsoring terror which further influenced the instability. The assassination of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 was the most apparent cause for the break out. His assasination triggered in Austria-Hungarys declaration of war against Serbia which further caused Germany and other allies with Serbia to declare war with each other. The last factor is the rise of a revolutionary terrorist organization antagonistic to capitalism resulted in a counterattack against the free global market. The bolsheviks was committed to use voilence to bring about world revolution. The war gave Lenin and his allies the opportunity and they used the most brutal terrorist strategies to win the subsequent civil war (Ferguson, 2005). As a result to deal with risks of failures of interna tional stability, globalization failed after the first world war. Globalization is a multifaceted process that involves different people to percieve it differently, depending on whether we belong to a poor country or we belong to a rich country. Parallely, in the nineteenth century, globalization was a contradictory force with benign and malignant features. Bordo et al (1999) states that, globalization has acceralated post crises recovery faster and the trade tensions and financial instability has not been worse comparitively. Frankel (1999) highlights that there are three key reasons for the growth and development in trade in the twentieth century: lower government trade barriers, growth of emerging markets and lower transportation costs. Also, there are no figures to compare the trade in services for the period before the first world war as trade then was significantly smaller than now. While Krugman (1995) asserts that, The general picture of world integration that did not exceed early-twentieth century levels until sometime well into the 1970s is thus broadly confirmed. In the last decade or so, the share of trade in world output has finally reached a level that is noticeably above its former peak. Nonetheless, it would be hard to argue that the sheer volume of trade is now at a level that marks a qualitative difference from previous experience, (Krugman, 1995, p.133). The rise in the multinational organizations have also contributed to the global economy, well, there were multinational organizations in the nineteenth century also however, the development has been only in the last few decades. Multinational organizations mitigate the informational obstacles to exchange hence serve to expand international trade. As pointed earlier, the second phase of globalization was the globalization of companies (Friedman, 2005). Krugman (1995) also asserts the development of small states with distinctively high GDP ratios, for e.g., Hongkong, the World Trade Organization listed it as the worlds largest exporter in 1997. Another significant factor for integrating world markets is the continual cut down on the transportation costs. Technological innovations like bulk shipping, containerization and delivery mechanisms have reduced the loading time thereby proving efficient driving the cost reductions (Lundgren, 1996). Air transport has also contributed to the shipping of goods and commodities in international trade. Hummels (1999) articulates that the transport costs on air cargo have dipped by about 15 percent around the 1975-93 period. Multilateral trade negotiations concluded with the foundation of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) which helped to reduce the avergae tariffs to about 5 percent (Bordo et al., 1999). There are noticable similarities between the first phase of globalization that is before the first world war began and now. The economic and the social history of international relationships seems to be a optimal approach of comparing the then and now phase of globalization to be able to conclude. The following section deals with some of the economic and the social resemblences of the past and the present. Today the free trade orthodoxy is the same as in the period before 1914. The major economies are extremely protectionist about agriculture. Then, U.K. had enforced no tarrifs on imported agricultural commodities whereas now, the US, the European Union and Japan practice tariffs to protect their farmers from international competition. Previously the monetary system was based on gold while currently there is a flat currency system. The techonolocal innovations of today are acceralating given the sufficient research and development however, these innovations are also helping enemies of globalization. Earlier, terrorists would borrow revolvers and primitive bombs but now an entire city can be demolished with a single nuclear device (Ferguson, 2005). Currently U.S. has the worlds biggest economy which is an important factor for the rest of the world. While that fact remains, the personal savings rate at 0.2% of their disposable personal income in 2004 which is 7.7% less than what it was fifteen years ago. The U.S. depends heavily on foreign lending as the net overseas debt has risen steeply to 25% of GDP. On the contrary, previously U.K. was the net exporter of capital, controlling high proportions of its savings internationally to finance the construction of infrastructure where as today, U.K. is the worlds debtor gripping three quarters of the worlds surplus savings (Bordo et al., 1999). As per the HSBC group state that the current U.S. deficit is 3.2% of the GDP (Palmer, 2010) which could push the external liabilities to as high as 94.3% of GDP (Toscano, 2011). During the second world war U.K. accumulated external liabilities which was half of this percentage, which was one of the reasons the pound declined and lost its reserv e currency status. Economists suggest that lowering the U.S. deficit to 2% GDP would require a 20% decline in the dollar. Obviously, there would be huge repercussions of such a dollar crash and this briefly states how the international flat-money system is dangerously disposed to a catastrophe. On the political front, Ferguson (2005) states that the same five factors, mentioned earlier, are present in todays international order: Imperial overstretch The U.S. is strikingly overstretched. Apart from the economic front, the U.S. empire also has a personnel deficit, only about 500,000 troops can be deployed overseas which is not even adequate to triumph over the small wars that U.S. currenlty has or will have. 43 percent of the troops currently in Iraq are from the reserves. Great-power rivalry China doesnt have any obvious reason to start a war with U.S. however, Chinas objective with regards to Taiwan will not fade away only for a reason that Beijing owns a stack in U.S. Treasury bonds. Nevertheless, China might want to take over its errant province in the event of an economic crises. Going back to the past, Taiwan and Belgium somewhat are in the same position as a country where empires ended up fighting as well as North Korea which resembles to Serbia during the nineteenth century with neuclear weapons. Unstable alliance system Based on the economic condition in Europe, it is bound to deteriorate. Europe has been altered based on the migration of Muslims and the prospect of Turkeys agreement to the European Union which also has consequences on the gap between Americans and Europeans getting wider. Presence of the rogue reigm sponsoring terror A rogue reigm constitues of large conservative militry power and the one that supports international terrorism and / or seeks weapons of mass destruction (Tanter, 1999). Iran, Iraq, Syria are considered as the rogue states also involving in revolutionary terrorist organizations. Revolutionary terrorist organization Al Qaedas members perhaps can be refered to as Islamo Bolshevists instead of Islamo facist based on their commitment of reordering the world and who oppose capitalism. Hypothetically, if the these Islamic extremists get control of a wealthy country like Saudi Arabia, it would result in the same scenario that Lenin was in, in 1917. On the contrary, Osama Bin Laden declared that his prime focus is to see the U.S. go bankrupt, consequently making him the present day Lenin. While considering the above suppositions, we can propose that an armageddon is likely. The crisis over Taiwan would result in huge shockwaves throughout the international system which could also lead to a great power war or the revolutionary regime change in Saudi Arabia would disturb the world order even more than during the first world war or even the stated mission of Osama Bin Laden to destroy America would disrupt the economic activities entirely. During the phase of the first world war, investors knew that there could be a world war however, did not when exactly would it happen. We are currently at the same junction where we all know that a catastrophe is possible however do not know when would it happen, similar to the recent disaster in Japan. Based on the above stated factors, I agree that as a result of failures to deal with risks to international stability, the basis of global order has been at risk and political and economic disorder like that that followed the collapse of 19th century globalisation may not look impossible.

Value on Human Life

Maybe even in the value of dollars and cents. Every human values life in a slightly different way many may be similar but no one is the same that's why our values are different. Life Is a precious thing and people protect it with all they have. I would probably question why people have to pass away. We come into this world and live than die In a relatively short amount of time. People might question why do we have to die? For example In the Galoshes Epic, Galoshes a man who has recently suffered a friend's death questions why humans have to die.It's a great question and Galoshes goes through a great deal trouble to answer this everlasting question. People can't cope with death. They can't believe that the person they once saw everyday or maybe even just walked by them in a school hall, that they will never see them again. Non-existence from something that was very much alive not to long ago and still in our minds'. For instance Lance Armstrong, a world-class cyclist and a multi Tour De France winner was on top of the world until age 25 when he was diagnosed with testicular cancer.I don't know about you but a athlete is not the first person I picture when I hear the word cancer. Sadly death favors no man, Its preys on whom ever It wants. That's why when the cyclist Lance Armstrong got the terrible news he fought through It and defeated It even though the odds were against him. And he got out of the whole ordeal with a new state of mind. That Is something I respect, a person who starred at the face of death and said, â€Å"no now is not my time†. Lance Armstrong valued his life in the achievements and it's the simple things he valued when near death.Just to ride another bike race was what a dearly wanted. Valuating life as a experience of many glorious things and that I agree on with him. On the other hand, which I don't agree on at all, is Amanda Ripples article † What is life worth? † She describes how a dollar value was put on each of the Se ptember 1 lath victims in the planes and buildings for their family's to get a money relief for their loss. The money relief ranged anywhere from the hundred thousands to millions of dollars. This In retrospect seems like a great idea but It quickly became a horrible idea.It's human nature to want more almost anything so once when the government decided to hand out money to the victim's families' people Immediately wanted more money. Most of these families decided that money could replace a life. Surely money can't but it could help continue or renew ones life when someone looses a significant loss but he rather pursue his life raising his two daughters than pursue a lawsuit. People must go on with life because life doesn't have a dollar value on it it's what you did hear on earth when you were alive that counts not after death.In conclusion and to the words I try to live my life by is that â€Å"everyone dies but not everyone really lives†. We can spend our whole life Just g etting by to find a meaning or a value in life but I believe that life itself should be a precious value, over achievements, fame, and money. Live life to the fullest because you never know when it could end. Society should not but a certain value on a persons life, we are all humans and we are all some what capable of all the same things so life itself should be the main value we have.

Rental Rent A Rent - 1653 Words

With home prices still at an attractive level, a way for buyers working to repair their credit is to leverage a â€Å"rent-to-own† agreement. A rent-to-own agreement is a contract that allows a potential home buyer to pay an agreed uponmonthly rental amount to live in a given house. But beyond simple home rental privileges, the agreement also appliesa predetermined amount of the rent toward a down payment to ultimately purchase the home at a later date, usually in around three years. So while a buyer recovering from a recent foreclosure may have blemished credit that prevents them from buying another home immediately through traditional means, renting toown allows that same home buyer to actively work their way toward home ownership right now. A rent-to-own agreement is not without its costs. The monthly rental amount will be slightly inflated, in order to set aside credits each month toward the buyer’s down payment. In addition, there is an option fee the buyer must pay to the seller, which is used toward the down payment if the buyer chooses to buy the home at the end of the rent-to-own agreement. If the buyer chooses to not purchase the home, the option fee is forfeited by the buyer. So with a $100,000 home, the monthly rent might normally be $500/month. With a rent-to-own agreement, $600/month might be charged for rent, with the additional $100/month going toward the buyer’s down payment credit. The option fee may be around $2,500, and is based on a percentage of the home’sShow MoreRelatedThe Price Of Rent Prices And Increase The Supply Of Rental Properties1800 Words   |  8 Pages in theory, lower rent prices and increase the supply of rental properties, it certainly doesn’t seem to be th e case in the Australian property market. 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Rent control acts as a price ceiling by preventing rents either from being charged above a certain level orRead MoreEssay on Rent Control958 Words   |  4 Pagesreason to do something, most people will not do it. For example, if there is no incentive to motivate landlords to upkeep their property and make it the best it can be, they will left their properties at the lowest manageable state they can get away. Rent ceiling laws are an example of how lack of motivation and incentives can discourage people from making sure their best work and resources go into their product or whatever they are doing. These laws impose limitations on the amount landlords can chargeRead MoreThe Best Equipment Rental Services1056 Words   |  5 Pagesinform readers about the best equipment rental services in the San Jose, California area. Before you look for a place to rent tools, you need to look at similar options in the area before you make your decision. 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Human Trafficking Modern Day Slavery - 1228 Words

Around the world human trafficking happens around us without us noticing or realising what is happening. Modern-day slavery exists around the world and it is known today as human trafficking or trafficking in persons. So, what is human trafficking and why don t many people seek for help or go to athoughty ? Well human trafficking is modern-day slavery and involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act. Every year millions of men and woman and so of the time children are being trafficked in countries around the world and that including the United States (u.s.a) . Human trafficking is like a hidden crime as some of the victims rarely seek for because of the language barriers and their†¦show more content†¦To protect the right that we have and to keep people protected and most social workers are familiar with the issue on human trafficking. There have been limited evidence on people s health consequences of human trafficking l ike having sexual health problems including HIV , risk of physical and mental problems among the trafficked people. Some of the children and women what they see or being apart at time they get mental problems. Have the time the people think of them as human the probably only care about they more and they don t care who they hurt or if they have lives. Have of their time some do people come to seek for help feel and after they do get they feel as what of happen to them and they can t get have they lives how it was before. Plus human trafficking become trauma , violence , being abducted and abuse to the victims living or being in that situation and not able to see your family members . Most reported physical or sexual violence while trafficked (95%), pre-trafficking abuse (59%), and multiple post trafficking physical and psychological problems. 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Music Education A Necessary Part of the Educational...

The debate over whether or not music education is a necessary part of the educational process is one that never seems to end. To those who are musical in any aspect of the word, music education is extremely important to students of all ages. To those who don’t value music so highly however, music education is a frivolous waste of time that could be spent learning core subjects such as math, reading or grammar. In support of the necessity of music education, there are many benefits that come with studying music, even some which are not musical in nature. One of these non-musical benefits is the development of the parts of the brain that are used in reasoning and language. (Benham) While many skills are thought to be a result of using one half of the brain more fully, an additional non-musical benefit is that music is one of the few activities that require both sides of the brain to work simultaneously. (David) Another non-musical benefit of music study is improved mathematical skills due to the constant use of counting, ratios and proportions and intervals. A final non-musical benefit of studying music is improved reading skills through the use of decoding procedures in reading notes. (Sousa) In advocating music education in todays schools systems, it is tempting to focus only on the non-musical benefits because of the shift toward the Common Core and raised test scores. However in doing so, we devalue music in and of itself. In the text Foundations of MusicShow MoreRelatedCase Study : A Chartered Retirement Planning Counselor1443 Words   |  6 Pagesothers manage their financial futures. To this end, Wyatt attended the courses and programs given by the College for Financial Planning to become a Chartered Retirement Planning Counselor. 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The Existentialist philosophy, started by Soren Kierkegaard, focuses on self-directed education, finding answers within yourself. Students are not graded because all standards come from themselves. This philosophy emphasizes freedom of choice and mind, and that authentic creative thinking leads to true learning experiences (Cohen). The teacher helps students find their passions and understand who they are. Existentialism has never become prevalent in schools because it is difficult to apply inRead MoreTeaching : Knowledge Of Subject Area ( S ) Essay714 Words   |  3 Pagesability to perform this standard. Knowledge of central concepts, tools of inquiry and structures of the discipline, which will be taught, is obtained through a series of courses including Music Theory, Musicianship, Music History and Private lessons. Through these courses an ample amount of information about music and how to obtain more information is collected through out. Without this knowledge, the ability to explain concepts to students would be not existent. Having a wealth of knowledge is importantRead MoreMusic And Its Importance On The Human Brain1605 Words   |  7 PagesAndie M. Partida Ms.Ponder English IV, 6 Pd. 28 February,2015 Music And Its Importance On The Human Brain Music affects people of all ages developmentally , intellectually and medically as well as it affects their social , personal lives. In other words, music affects the way in which we think , behave and feel. Music tends to have a positive effect on the transfer of learning. For example , learning to play an instrument enhances the abilityRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Education And Revealed Reactions1666 Words   |  7 Pagesimpact of technology on education and revealed reactions for both students and teachers of using technology in classroom. These researches has given us three results: 1) Some research has shown a dramatic difference between the schools in the past and now. 2) What Is Successful Technology Integration? 3) However, some of researches indicate to several difficulties and disadvantages that associated with using technology. What Is Successful Technology Integration? The education in the era of informationRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Education And Revealed Reactions1668 Words   |  7 Pagesimpact of technology on education and revealed reactions for both students and teachers of using technology in classroom. These researches has given us three results: 1) Some research has shown a dramatic difference between the schools in the past and now. 2) What Is Successful Technology Integration? 3) However, some of researches indicate to several difficulties and disadvantages that associated with using technology. What Is Successful Technology Integration? The education in the era of informationRead MoreThe University Interscholastic League Of Texas Essay1740 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION The University Interscholastic League – commonly referred to as the UIL - facilitates academic, athletic, and music competitions for elementary and secondary schools across the state of Texas. The University of Texas at Austin started the UIL in 1910 as two separate organizations, the Debating League of Texas High Schools and the Interscholastic Athletic Association. In 1913, the organizations merged and became what is known today as the University Interscholastic League, commonly referredRead MoreThe Importance Of Standardized Testing In Education1140 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States K12 education system. Students at all levels are routinely tested, and schools evaluated based on the scores. 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Role of agriculture Free Essays

Agriculture is the dominant activity of poor countries such as Zimbabwe, which enhance our understanding of the dualistic. In the amplification of agriculture in economic development, a leading question is how agriculture contributes to economic growth and there seems to be a paradox in the role of agriculture in economic development. A well- known economist Simon Kuznets played an imperative role in coming up with the roles of agriculture to economic development; these embrace labour contribution, foreign exchange contribution and the market contribution. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of agriculture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The agricultural sector has preserved its position in the contribution to Zimbabwe’s economic growth as seen by its appreciable contribution to the national Gross Domestic Product. For example, it has been eminent that the agricultural sector has made a convincing contribution to the national fiscus which was disturbed by unreliable rainfall patterns which hit some parts of the country in the last season. Also, agriculture has maintained pole position in terms of its input to economy’s growth, having contributed 33, 9 per cent to the country’s Gross Domestic Product in year 2010. Labour contribution, as one of the major macro-economic objectives of any government to diminish unemployment, agriculture plays a trivial role in economic development through the transfer of labour from the agricultural sector to other sectors of the economy, particularly to the industrial sector. In Zimbabwe agricultural sector stipulates income and employment not far from 60% to 70% of the total population, consequently agriculture is indeed an economy’s beef in Zimbabwe. Simon Kuznets also emphasized that the marginal productivity of labour is zero or close to zero, which means that when the marginal productivity of labour is zero, we can use the available labour that is from agricultural sector without affecting other sectors of the economy, which then advantage the economy as a whole. Foreign exchange contribution, despite the statistic that Zimbabwe is currently using the multicurrency system, therefore it still demands foreign currency in-order to import capital from other countries. The exportation of agricultural merchandises can resource the economy with foreign exchange for purchase of capital goods. In Zimbabwe most of our export earnings emanate from the agricultural sector with an input of about 40% of our total export earnings. The major contributors to the agricultural sector in Zimbabwe’s export are cash-crops such as tobacco and cotton, though cotton was not selling for this year’s harvest. Industrialization contribution, a large and cumulative segment of economic growth during the process of development can be qualified to agriculture’s contribution to agribusiness. These undertakings of the agricultural sector provision the production, marketing and retailing of foodstuff, clothing, beverages and other associated goods for both domestic consumption and exports. According to Davis and Goldberg (1957), thus primary agriculture grows and evolves, reflecting agribusinesses, while agribusinesses grow and evolve reflecting primary agriculture. Also provision of raw materials to industries by the agricultural sector moderates the rate of imports of a country, thus may as a result lead to balance of payment surplus of a country. In addition this diminishes the overall production costs of a firm as a result fair and affordable prices are charged, thereby increasing the demand for that particular product which will enforce producers to increase their level of output so as to meet the current demand, hence economic growth. Food contribution, since food is a fundamental wage good in a developing economy, diversification of the economy is therefore contingent upon domestic food producers producing a surplus, in excess of their own subsistence, which is large enough to feed a growing number of non-food producers. The agricultural sector factors in with a pivotal role in the supply of raw material to the food producers of the economy. Market contribution, the agricultural sector, because of its sheer size, must initially be the major market for domestic industrial products. Farmers’ expenditures on industrial goods that are both consumer goods and producer goods, represent one aspect of agriculture’s market contribution to general economic development. According to Milton and Luther (1964), as farmers’ purchases of industrial goods have their counterpart in inter-sectorial sales of agricultural goods; the agricultural sector’s market contribution also includes the sale of food or other farm products to the non-agricultural sector, being accelerated by the adoption of new agricultural technology. The role of production linkages to the process of industrialization. Production linkages channels the effect of an autonomous increase in final demand of the product for the given industry, not only on the output of that industry and the industry supplying it with inputs, but also on output of other industry supplying the second industry with inputs. Production linkages can be, backward or forward linkages. In general, production linkages quantify how several industries are connected together. Where poverty is a substantially rural phenomenon, which appears to be the case in most low-income countries, industrialization factors through raw materials to agro-processing industries for example food processing industries and textile. According to Alderman(1984),agro-processing industry can be defined, â€Å"as a subgroup of the manufacturing sector that processes raw materials and intermediary products derived from the agricultural sector†, for example forestry and agricultural crops. The founding of certain primary processing industries can lead to forward linkages, which is the ratio of intermediate output sales to other industries to a production sector of industry to the total value of sales to a final consumer. Backward linkages, measure the ratio of intermediate input purchases from other industries in that industry to the total value of the total production output. For example the metals and electrical sector provides a solid backward linkage to agricultural, mining and construction sectors, thereby increasing the overall output of a country and as a result this will increase the country’s Gross Domestic Product, consequently economic growth. In conclusion, agriculture is indeed important to economic development and also production linkages to industrialisation play a trivial role. However land reform also plays a crucial role to economic development through promoting equity, employment creation, market surplus and productivity. UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS NAME FARAI MPOFU REG# R117753A COURSE ECON 211 YEAR 2012 QUESTION How would you evaluate internet information sources giving examples. How to cite Role of agriculture, Papers

The Anti-App free essay sample

I’m THE most boring person I know. My name is Jonathan, as you know, and I’m from Nebraska. Basically the most racially diverse person around, not your average blonde haired, green eyed, white girl. Nope. I don’t know anything about my Scottish heritage nor do I embrace it in any way. I don’t pride myself on a sense of humor that can elicit thoughtful laughter in the over 25 set, and giggles or downright dirty misinterpretations from the youth of today. I most certainly don’t watch anime and I’ve never seen The Lord of The Rings before. I’ve never had any kind of life changing experience that would make me stand out from the sea of essays sitting on your desk; I just sit around all day every day. Say you were to pull up my Facebook profile on a journey of applicant discovery, everything you see is a farce, and I really have no clue where all those pictures of me in a kilt or full stage makeup, and status updates about band practice, co mpetitions, and rehearsals for shows came from. We will write a custom essay sample on The Anti-App or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I didn’t waste my time taking any of them, nor did I actually attend these alleged events like Invermark College of Piping and Drumming, and the art work in my â€Å"Wall Photos† must belong to the magical profile gnomes, I didn’t create it. I can’t show up in pictures, I have no soul, therefore I’m also emotionless, and a terrible listener, oh, and I hate people and helping others, empathy is just a word. Back to this fallacy of a social networking profile, it may lead you to believe that being a Tenor drummer in a bagpipe band is a big deal for me, it may seem like I have aspirations to become a professional drummer by the end of my senior year,and it might even seem like it’s my one true love and that I would spend hours upon hours pouring blood, sweat, and tears into drumming, do not be misled oh mighty admissions director! Heaven forbid you even see hearsay implying that I competed in the World Pipe band Championships in Glasgow Scotlan d the summer before my junior year, and that it was something I will remember till I die. That the feeling of being surrounded by thousands of people who all push themselves to their limits to reach common goals was so strong that it was almost a physical presence, goodness no! I don’t work hard at anything, set long term goals, or stick with anything for years at a time. I’m a quitter! Speaking of useless goals, what is the world drumming solos invitational anyway? Certainly not something I fully intend to win in the future no matter what. Making efforts to get things accomplished and pursue dreams isn’t really my cup of earl grey tea. I also absolutely loathe Art. In any form, visual arts, musicals, theater, all a waste of time. I would not be caught dead being president of The National Art Honors Society, nor would I set foot on the stage in various productions in and out of school such as â€Å"Guys and Dolls† or â€Å"Don’t Drink the waterâ⠂¬ , no never, I cannot sing, dance, or act anyways. I could never see myself being an art teacher, the idea that the best job is one where you can do what you love and show others the magic of that, is a lie, and the phrase â€Å"it’s a very ancient saying, but a true and honest thought, that when you become a teacher, by your pupils you’ll be taught† is best left in The King and I. I’m selfish by nature and don’t think teaching is rewarding, I also have no interest in being a mentor to students, I don’t want to be there for them. Oh, and I don’t want to go to College, so you better not even think of accepting me.